Laser-solid interactions is a field of study investigating the fundamental physical and chemical processes that occur when laser radiation interacts with solid materials. It examines the resulting changes in material properties and structure induced by energy deposition from the laser, encompassing phenomena ranging from linear absorption and thermal effects to complex non-linear processes such as ablation, plasma generation, phase transformations, and structural modifications, depending on laser parameters like wavelength, intensity, and pulse duration. Understanding these interactions is critical for advancements in materials science, manufacturing, spectroscopy, surface science, and high-energy density physics.